To cite a quotationIn-textReproduce the text word for word and place quotation marks at the beginning and end of the quotation. The author, date and page number must be included.' Australia is a settler society' (Hudson and Bolton 1997, p. 9).To cite a paraphrase or a short summary of an author's words or ideasRestate the original words/ideas in your own words. The author, date, and page number(s) must be included.Wartime textile rationing was imposed through a coupon system, which meant garments now had two costs: their value in monetary units and in coupons (McKernan 1995, p. 152)To reference the overall content of a workYou do not need to include page numbers because it is the entire work you are referring to:Larsen and Greene (1989) studied the effects of pollution in three major citiies.
It's used to when a source has more than three authors to avoid having to cite a long list of names in the text. Remember, et al. Is an abbreviation, so you need a full stop. It's not usual to use et al. In a reference list or bibliography; you should list all the authors in the order they appear in the source. However, if there is more than one well-known town of that name you might want to give the state as well to make it clear. Example: Stern, D.N. The first relationship: infant and mother. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Editions and reprints. In-text citations give brief details of the source that you are quoting from or referring to. These citations will then link to the full reference that will be found in your reference list at the end of your work. The reference list is always arranged in alphabetical order by author.
To cite a quotation or idea from an author who attributes it to another sourceIn-textYou must acknowledge both sources in your text:Graham Gibbs, in his 1981 study into student learning wrote that 'because students are aware of their tutor's mastery of the subject matter, it is quite common for them to assume that their reader has no needs at all' (Gibbs 1981, p. 39, cited in Bowden & Marton 1998, p. 35).List of referencesRecord the book that you actually sourced:Bowden, J & Marton F 1998, The university of learning, Kogan Page, London. To cite more than one authorIn-textInclude both names in the order in which they appear on the title page:(Gerster & Basset 1987) or:Gerster and Basset (1987) assert that.List of referencesGerster, R & Basset, J 1991, Seizures of youth: the sixties and Australia, Hyland House, Melbourne.To cite more than three authorsIn-textUse the surname of the first author and et al.
Harvard Citation Example
('and others') in the text:Leeder et al. Or:(Leeder et al. 1996)List of referencesLeeder, SR, Dobson, AJ, Gibbers, RW, Patel, NK, Matthews, PS, Williams DW & Mariot, DL 1996, The Australian film industry, Dominion Press, Adelaide.Don't use et al, in the list of references. List all the authors i the order in which they appear on the title page. To cite part of a publication contributed by a someone other than the main author (a preface, introduction etc)In-textFor example, a preface, introduction or foreword contributed by someone other than the author of the publication:Drabble (in Bronte 1978) suggests.List of referencesIn the List of References, provide the details of the publication to which the contribution was made:Bronte, E 1978, Wuthering Heights and poems, H Osborne (ed.), Orion Publishing Group, London.
Introduction by Margaret Drabble. The material in our guide is based on the 6th edition of the Government Style Manual:Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers 2002, 6th edn, revised by Snooks & Co., AGPS, Canberra.For more detailed information and examples, we recommend that you consult this source, especially Chapter 12 (pp. Copies of this Style Manual are available for loan at.Many faculties and schools at UNSW have style guides indicating how referencing for assignments should be done.
The Learning Centre strongly suggests that you check with them about which method to use.It is impossible to include every referencing format in this pamphlet. If you need referencing information for a format not listed here, seek further assistance from:.
your lecturer or tutor. a Harvard referencing website (try an internet search). or a style manual.
How To Reference More Than One Source Harvard Ma
Style manuals for different citation systems are available in the.